The ABS anti-lock braking system was first used in aircraft in 1929 and first installed on motorcycles in 1958 (ROYAL ENFIELD Super Meteor). It was officially adopted by the BMW K100RS in 1988.
The TCS traction control system controls vehicle dynamics through braking, power cut-off, and fuel cut-off. In 2013, Bosch released the Motorcycle Stability Control (MSC) system. In 2015, the BMW C650GT featured the SVA blind spot detection system. In 2020, brands such as BMW, KTM, and Ducati added ACC (Adaptive Cruise Control) functionality.
Emission regulations such as EURO3, EURO4, EURO5, and the Indian BS6 standard promoted the widespread adoption of electronic fuel injection systems. In 2002, ECUs for idle stop began mass production, supporting functions such as starter motor control and battery charging control. In 2016, the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China issued the National IV emission standard for motorcycles, requiring on-board diagnostic (OBD) systems.