Motorcycle electronic control systems can be broadly categorized into two main types based on their core functions and controlled objects: electronic fuel injection systems (fuel management systems) and auxiliary electronic control systems (vehicle control systems).
Electronic Fuel Injection Systems (Fuel Management Systems) Electronic fuel injection systems use an electronic control unit (ECU) combined with sensors and injectors to intelligently regulate engine fuel supply and ignition in real time. Their core function is to replace the traditional carburetor, achieving precise air-fuel ratio control.
Based on control strategies, they are mainly divided into open-loop and closed-loop systems. Open-loop systems control fuel injection based on preset operating parameters and are more common in domestically produced motorcycles. Closed-loop systems, on the other hand, use an oxygen sensor installed in the muffler to monitor the oxygen content in the exhaust gas in real time, dynamically providing feedback and adjusting the fuel injection quantity. They can automatically adapt to changes in external atmospheric pressure, further optimizing combustion efficiency and environmental performance.
Based on the injector's operating sequence, they can be divided into simultaneous injection, group injection, and sequential injection. In simultaneous injection (synchronous injection), the injectors in all cylinders open and close simultaneously. Group injection divides the injectors into two groups that inject alternately. Sequential injection injects fuel in the order of the intake strokes of each cylinder in the engine, offering the most precise control.
Based on the power source for fuel supply, systems can be divided into those with and without fuel pumps. Systems with fuel pumps use an electric fuel pump in the fuel tank to provide pressure, which is then stabilized by a pressure regulator before being delivered to the injectors. Systems without fuel pumps rely on gravity to allow fuel to flow naturally to the injectors.